Be to, grammaticalisation et ambiguïté énonciative

Représentation du langage et modèles d'évolution linguistique : la grammaticalisation comme perspective

Though numerous numerical studies have investigated language change, grammaticalization and diachronic phenomena of language renewal have been left aside, or so it seems. We argue that previous models, dedicated to other purposes, make representational choices that cannot easily account for this type of phenomenon. In this paper we propose a new framework, aiming to depict linguistic renewal th...

Smooth muscle cells: to be or not to be? Response to Nguyen et Al.

Paying People to Be Healthy

User Financial Incentives (UFIs) have emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion. Strong evidence suggests that large enough incentives paid to individuals, conditional on behaviour they can control, encourages more of the desired behaviour. However, such interventions can have unintended consequences for non-targeted behaviours. Implementation difficulties that result in individuals not u...

Reply to Ramey et al.: Let time be the arbiter.

We thank Ramey et al. (1) for their opinion that the article “The enigma of the apparent disappearance of Eurasian highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A viruses in North American waterfowl” (2) provides insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that wild aquatic birds do not serve as the reservoir of highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A viruses. However, most of the concerns raised...

Do Antibiotic Beads Need to be Removed?

Background: Polymethylmethacrylate antibiotic impregnated beads can be an effective treatment for chronicosteomyelitis or an adjuvant in the treatment of open fractures. It remains unclear however whether the beads causelong-term adverse events if not removed. The purpose of this study was to determine if removal of antibiotic beads wasrequired in order to avoid long term comp...